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A ‘Game Changer’ For Organ Transplants: Blood Type of Donor Kidneys Altered in Breakthrough Research_我的网站

A |     Breakthrough new research could significantly increase supply of organs for people with rarer blood types waiting for a transplant, reported The Guardian.,A team of scientists from the University of Cambridge have successfully altered the blood type of three donor kidneys. By flushing blood infused with a special enzyme through a human kidney the scientists removed the blood type markers lining the blood vessels of the organ.,The procedure required using a device that is connected with a donor’s kidney to pass oxygenated blood through it - a normothermic perfusion machine. As a result, the organ was converted to type O, considered the universal donor.,Blood Group Compatible,As the blood type of a donor must be compatible with the recipient’s, the new development could increase the supply of kidneys available for transplant.,A kidney from someone with blood type A cannot be transplanted to someone with blood type B, or visa versa. In such a case, the receiving body’s immune system would reject the new organ, interpreting the different blood type as foreign.,So changing the blood type to the universal O would mean the donor organ could be used for people with any blood type.,“Our confidence was really boosted after we applied the enzyme to a piece of human kidney tissue and saw very quickly that the antigens were removed. After this, we knew that the process is feasible, and we just had to scale up the project to apply the enzyme to full-size human kidneys,” Serena MacMillan, a PhD student at the University of Cambridge, said.,Scientists involved in the research, funded by charity Kidney Research UK and due to be published in the British Journal of Surgery, clarified that the outcome might have particular implications for minority ethnic groups.,Science & TechGood News for ABs: Scientists Can Now Change People's Blood Type21 February, 16:34 GMT,Some blood groups such as O Rh positive and B Rh positive are more prevalent among black, Asian and minority ethnic communities. To complicate matters further, some rare blood types are only found within the black, Asian and minority ethnic communities,This typically places them at a disadvantage, as they struggle to find a match. With low donation rates from these populations, stressed the researchers, sometimes such patients wait for as long as over a year for a compatible donor. They cited figures from 2020-21 showing that just over 9% of total organ donations in the UK came from black and minority ethnic donors. On the other hand, black and minority ethnic patients make up 33% of the kidney transplant waiting list.,“It’s very exciting to think about how this could potentially impact so many lives,” added Serena MacMillan.,The “potentially gamechanging” research was applauded by Dr Aisling McMahon, the executive director of research at Kidney Research UK.,The scientists will now test the reintroduction of other blood types and observe how the novel approach in clinical settings.。    家长们在陪读的同时，如果在新加坡找一份工作，既可以赚钱补贴家用，也可以结交新的朋友，增加社交圈。根据新加坡人力部的规定，考虑到孩子的照顾问题，陪读的家长在第一年是不被允许从事任何形式的工作。一年过后，家长们如果想要在新加坡工作，需要先申请相应的工作准证。但是，如果申请了WP会对孩子上学有所影响，所以还是建议家长们申请EP为主。

B | 今天就来聊聊，家长们最常申请的EP工作准证的申请注意事项。什么是新加坡EP准证？ EP（Employment Pass）是新加坡的一种工作准证，用于吸引高技能和专业人士，由新加坡移民与关卡局颁发。在该计划下，申请者可以找一个新加坡的公司被雇佣，然后申请EP；也可以自己在新加坡开一家公司，然后雇佣自己。EP工作准证没有劳工税要求，也没有配额限制，有效期为一到两年。准证到期后只要仍被雇佣即可续签。持有EP准证可以在新加坡当地居住和生活、可以自由出入新加坡而无需其他签证。

C | EP适合的人群 为规划子女教育而移居的个人；寻求海外身份并进行税务筹划的人士；移居预算较低的个人；开拓国际市场的人士；中小型企业老板或大中小企业高层管理人员。EP申请要求 申请EP需要满足一定的资格标准，例如薪资要求、教育背景和工作经验等。

D | 从2023年9月1日起，新加坡引入了COMPASS评估框架，用于加强对EP申请人的审查。这个框架考虑了教育背景、工作经验和薪水等因素，申请人必须至少获得40分的合格分数。有一些豁免条件，例如高薪豁免和内部调动豁免，可以免除COMPASS评估的要求。具体申请要求如下： 1.本科以上学历，国内学历需通过学信网认证；2.有一定经商或企业管理经验；3.有新加坡工作offer，月薪5000新币以上（金融服务业最低月薪5500以上），具体根据其岗位和年龄来看；4.满足打分制要求：申请者必须通过框架的四个项目（薪水、学历、企业员工多元化、支持聘用本地人）取得至少40分，以符合申请资格。5.注册公司条件（1）公司注册资本金：10万新币以上(建议15万-20万新币)；（2）公司有固定经营场所，并具备长期租赁合约；（3）有公司银行账户并且发生实际真实业务；（4）聘请新加坡两位本地员工并按照新加坡法律规定正常缴纳公积金；（5）公司需具备完整的商业逻辑。月薪要求 这里单独说一下关于月薪的要求，所有行业（不含金融行业）申请EP的薪资标准如下：图源：新加坡人力资源部另外，根据新加坡人力部更新的信息，2025年1月1日起，EP的合格薪资将再度提高：所有行业（不含金融行业）：月薪上调至5600新币起；金融行业：月薪上调至6200新币起。图源：新加坡人力资源部EP取消要注意什么 准证到期、工作变动或违反规定的时候，就会涉及EP的取消。

E | EP需要提前进行续签，否则自动失效。如果申请人或雇主违反相关法规，也可能导致EP被取消。如果申请人离职或被解雇，也需要取消原有的EP，并在找到新工作后重新申请。要格外注意的是，在新加坡，如果EP（就业准证）持有者一年内居住时间不足183天，可能会被视为非居民纳税人。其在全球范围内的收入可能需要缴纳15%的个人所得税，包括工资、奖金及其他与就业相关的收入。此外，如果EP持有者在新加坡从事工作并从中获得收入，居住时间不足183天，仍可能需要就其在新加坡获得的部分收入缴纳个人所得税。

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Published on:08:12:46